EXPANSION Units 4–6

A. Complete the sentences. Use the past perfect tense.

1. My parents took a vacation to Portugal because my mother had watched a television program about Lisbon last year. (watch)
2. We arrived in Los Angeles on time although our plane had left late from New York. (leave)
3. I had decided to clean my room even before my mother asked me to do it. (decide)
4. I studied a lot for this test because I had failed the last one. (fail)
5. We bought new cell phones after we had received an email about the big sale. (receive)
6. had you taken any English classes before you went to England? (take)

B. Write sentences to speculate about the situations. Use can’t, could, couldn’t, must, may, or might.

1. Greg was at the football match with me.
Greg couldn't have been at home.

2. Adel has a broken leg.
Adel may be in a cast for six weeks.

3. Stephanie is studying for a test.
Stephanie may pass her test tomorrow.

4. They were early for the flight.
They must be excited about their vacation.

5. My brother just bought a cool new car.
The car might have been on sale.

6. Daniel wasn’t at work today.
Daniel must be sick.

7. I didn’t recognize his voice. Who was that on the phone?
who was that on the phone? It might have been Michael.

C. Read the situations. Make sentences with should have / shouldn’t have.

1. The food at the new Italian restaurant is excellent, but I felt sick after our meal.
I shouldn't have eaten so much food.
2. I borrowed my sister’s cell phone. It broke when I dropped it on the sidewalk.
I should have been more careful.
3. Karen got an A on the test. Hanan, on the other hand, failed the test.
Hanan should have studied with Karen.
4. Fahad hurt his leg yesterday when he went jogging in the park.
Fahed should have warmed up more.
5. I had three cups of coffee at dinner, and I couldn’t go to sleep until 3:00 a.m.
I shouldn't have had that much coffee at dinner.
6. I had no idea it was going to be so cold in the classroom.
I should have brought a sweater.
7. I wasted my money on that new book by Patrick Johnston.
I shouldn't have brought the book.
8. I burned my finger on the stove.
I should have paid more attention.

D. Rewrite the sentences as conditionals. Follow the example.

1. Mark was tired because he didn’t go to bed early.
If Mark had gone to bed early, he wouldn't have been tired.
2. Ibrahim learned to speak French because he lived in Paris for three years.
If Ibrahim hadn't lived in Paris for three years, he wouldn't have learned to speak French.
3. I didn’t go on vacation with my friends because I just bought a new computer.
If I hadn't bought a new computer, I would have gone on vacation with my friends.
4. I took a nap because it rained all day.
If it hadn't rained all day, I wouldn't have taken a nap.
5. Sarah wasn’t at school today because she was sick.
If Sarah hadn't been sick, she would have been at school today.
6. My brother didn’t learn how to water‑ski because he never learned how to swim.
If my brother had learned how to swim, he would have learned how to water ski.

E. Read the conversation. Use reported speech to complete the sentences.

1. Harris asked Alex if he had seen that little red sports car.
2. Alex said he hadn't seen it.
3. Harris wanted to know where Qassim would get a car like that.
4. Alex said it was probably his father's car.
5. Harris said Qassim was usually so quiet and shy.
6. Alex said maybe he had changed.
7. Harris said that he was going to call Qassim.
8. Alex asked Harris why he was going to do that.

F. Look at the photo of an accident scene. Imagine you are a reporter. Write four sentences about the accident for your newspaper. Use reported speech.

1. The first man said that he had tried to stop.
2. The second man said that the other driver was talking on his cell phone.
3. A witness said that he saw the driver on his cell phone.
4. Another witness said that was not true at all.

H. Study the picture of Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) Mosque in Madinah and write as many words as you can under each heading in the chart. Use the words to make sentences to describe the picture.

1. The Mosque of the Prophet in Medina is one of the most beautiful mosques in the world.
2. The construction took years to complete.
3. Thousands of workers, artisans and craftsmen were employed to do the work.